Friday, 1 August 2025

Seven Characteristics of False Teachers by Thomas Brooks

'The prophets make my people to err.' Mic 3 v 5

In his book 'Precious Remedies Against Satan's Devices' Thomas Brooks gives us so many helpful remedies to use in the Christian life as we battle against sin.  The Puritans were masterful surgeons of the soul and if you are new to the Puritans, please buy a Puritan paperback and try and read a page or two per day and you will see your Christian life being deepened and enriched.  

At the end of his book he has a short section on the seven characteristics of false teachers which seem so relevant today.  They need very little introduction or explanation.

1. False teachers are men pleasers.

'Which say to the seers, See not; and to the prophets, Prophesy not unto us right things; speak to us smooth things: prophesy deceits.' Isa 30 v 10.

'False teachers are hell's greatest enrichers.  Not bitter, but flattering words do all the mischief, said Valerian, the Roman emperor.  Such smooth teachers are sweet soul-poisoners.' Thomas Brooks

2. False teachers are notable in casting dirt, scorn and reproach upon the person, names and credits of Christ's most faithful ambassadors.  

  • Think of Korah, Dathan and Abiram in Num 16 v 3
  • Ahab's false prophets turning on Micaiah (1 Kings 22 v 10-26)
  • How the false teachers persecuted Paul (2 Cor 10 v 10)
'Oh! the dirt, the filth, the scorn that is thrown upon those of whom the world is not worthy.' Thomas Brooks

3. False teachers are venters of the devices and visions of their own heads and hearts.

'Then the Lord said unto me. The prophets prophesy lies in my name: I sent them not, neither have I commanded them, neither spake unto them: they prophesy unto you a false vision and divination, and a thing of nought, and the deceiit of their heart.' Jer14 v 14.

'Are there not multitudes in this nation whose visions are but golden delusions, lying vanities, brain sick fantasies?' Thomas Brooks

4. False teachers easily pass over the great and weighty things of both of law and gospel, and stand most upon those things that are the least moment and concernment to the souls of men.  

'The aim of our charge is love that issues from a pure heart and a good conscience and a sincere faith. Certain persons, by swerving from these, have wandered away into vain discussion, desiring to be teachers of the law, without understanding either what they are saying or the things about which they make confident assertions.' 1 Timothy 1 v 5-7

'False teachers are nice in the lesser things of the law, and as negligent in the greater.'  Thomas Brooks

5. False teachers cover and colour their dangerous principles and soul impostures with very fair speeches and plausible pretenses, with high notions and golden expressions.

'Many in these days are bewitched and deceived by the magnificent words, lofty strains, and stately terms of deceivers, viz, illumination, revelation, deification, and fiery triplicity.' Thomas Brooks

6.  False teachers strive more to win over men to their opinions, than to better them in their conversations.

'But woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you shut the kingdom of heaven in people’s faces. For you neither enter yourselves nor allow those who would enter to go in. Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you travel across sea and land to make a single proselyte, and when he becomes a proselyte, you make him twice as much a child of hell as yourselves.' Matt 23 v 13-15

'Their work is not to better men's hearts, and mend their lives; and in this they are very much like their father the devil, who will spare no pains to gain proselytes.' Thomas Brooks

7. False teachers make merchandise of their followers.

'But false prophets also arose among the people, just as there will be false teachers among you, who will secretly bring in destructive heresies, even denying the Master who bought them, bringing upon themselves swift destruction. And many will follow their sensuality, and because of them the way of truth will be blasphemed. And in their greed they will exploit you with false words. Their condemnation from long ago is not idle, and their destruction is not asleep.' 2 Peter 2 v 1-3

'Now the best way to deliver poor souls from being deluded and destroyed by these messengers of Satan is, to discover them in their colours, that so, being known, poor souls may shun them, and fly from them as hell itself.' Thomas Brooks

The greatest remedy against false teachers is to keep our eyes on Christ.  It was when the Israelites despaired of Moses (their mediator) coming down from Mount Sinai that they turned to false teachers and idols.  Sin makes us stupid.  Imagine trading the transcendent, merciful Jehovah for a golden bull?  Just take a look at so many churches today.  We have thrown aside the true worship of God and we want men to tickle our ears and entertain us.  Men are no longer content with the simple gospel.  

We need to know and love Christ and his word if we are to see clearly through the false teachers in Scotland today.  How we desperately need to put Christ and his precious word back in the centre of our worship services.  For more on the priority of the word read this. 

'Thy work. sinner, is to be peremptory (urgent) in believing, and in returning to the Lord; thy work is to cast thyself upon Christ, lie at his feet, to wait on him in his ways; and to give him no rest till he shall say, Sinner I am thy portion, I am thy salvation, and nothing shall separate between me and thee.' Thomas Brooks  



Thursday, 31 July 2025

Nehemiah - A New Vision of the Kingdom

This is one of 4 talks that was given at the Lochee Baptist Chapel Weekend Away in February 2025. The talks are available here.

Having seen 'A New Vision of God' in our last talk we want to turn to ‘A New Vision of the Kingdom.’

What are the challenges that face us as the church in Scotland? Scotland is a spiritual desert. The church is weak and divided. The church has imbibed the ‘spirit of the age’. We have no theological moorings – our churches are not confessional – we have very few positions on anything. There are no ‘red lines.’ We lack resources – particularly people. Much of what is happening is un-coordinated and disorganised. Many people are suffering from burnout. There is a fragility about people’s mental health. It is hard not to despair and wring our hands. We are tempted to retreat, but we are called to engage. We are called to rebuild the ruins – to claim the great promises.

But how do we build the Kingdom in Lochee, in Dundee in Scotland?

Well, it’s interesting how little Nehemiah has. He doesn’t have a big team, he doesn’t have great power. But he trusts in a big God. So how does Nehemiah go about rebuilding the walls and what can we learn as we seek to have a vision for rebuilding the kingdom in Scotland?

Well lets look at 4 things: reverence. reality, remember and rebuild.

1.  Reverence 2 v 1-8

Nehemiah has a position of great responsibility and risk. The king clearly trusts him, and he is a diligent worker. But Nehemiah is a broken man. The city where God is to be worshiped, where his people are to gather to make sacrifices is in ruins. The people remain in exile – they are very comfortable in their Babylonian home. Nehemiah has ben mourning and fasting, and finally the king notices.

Nehemiah and Artaxerxes must have spent a lot of time in each other’s presence. The king notices that he is sad. How does Nehemiah respond? With reverence and respect.

Let’s pause and take that in for a minute. Nehemiah is in the inner court of a pagan king. But he doesn’t attack him, he doesn’t despise him, he shows him reverence.  And that is what we are to. We are to respect those in authority over us. Romans 13 tells us that they are put there by God. We may violently disagree with them – but we work diligently, we show that we are trustworthy and we respect authority.  We don't concede and we don't compromise but we are respectful. 

Ultimately it was Nehemiah’s diligence and reverence that opened the way for favour when he laid out his request. We don’t want to get sidetracked with the relationship between church and state but why shouldn’t the state support the work of the church? As long as they don’t interfere with the spiritual authority of the church, we should welcome state support.

Nehemiah also uses tact and discernment. He knew that the King had forbidden Jerusalem to be rebuilt because it is a troublesome city (Ezra 4 v 11-16). Rather than mention the city Nehemiah tells the king about the desecration of the graves of his ancestors. This would have aroused sympathy in the Near Eastern Culture. Nehemiah was not deceptive, but he was very shrewd. He didn’t claim his ‘right’ but worked hard, respected the kings authority and, when the time came he asked for what he needed. The king granted him letters for supplies and protection.

Nehemiah prayed and planned before he put any spades in the ground.

McCabe, James Dabney, 1842-1883
2.  Reality

Like all great leaders Nehemiah starts with how things are not how he would like them to be.  In verse 17 ‘You see the trouble we are in.’

Nehemiah has surveyed the city for 3 days.  In his 2 months journey he had heard of the opposition:

· Sanballat the Horonite

· Tobiah the Ammonite

· Geshem the Arab

When he arrived, inspected the site and addressed the people, the murmurings were unleashed with outright mockery and despising.  Nehemiah doesn’t sugar coat the situation.  He doesn’t start with some bright and breezy choruses.  He acknowledges that the situation is dire.  All the attempts to build the walls had failed.

Nearby tribes felt threatened by a walled and presumably armed Jerusalem.  Ezra 4 v 14 tells us that previous attempts were stopped because people said it was a threat to King Artaxerxes.  If we were project planning and risk assessing this we would say – this is impossible!

Nehemiah acknowledges the challenge.  ‘We are in a mess – the walls are broken down – and they have been for around 70 years.’

That is what we need more of today.  There is far too much sugar coating, far too much man centred project planning.  Scotland is a dark, dark place.  We are in trouble v 17. This word is often translated evil, wicked, disaster.  In 2 v 2 it is translated sad and sadness.  As a nation, as a church, we are in a deep, dark pit.  Unless God intervenes in a very mighty way, our nation faces a very bleak future.  We cannot heal the disease until we diagnose the problem.

3.  Remember

But Nehemiah doesn’t focus the people on the ruins.  He points them to the God who is the only true architect.  Nehemiah gives the people a compelling and energetic vision.  ‘Come let us build the wall of Jerusalem, that we may no longer suffer derision.’

How do we cast a hopeful, Christ centred vision today?  Well, what does Nehemiah do?  He reminds them of God’s dealings in the past and he looks for God's favour.  

Looking Back 

Nehemiah recounts God's dealings in the past - what we call providence.  Nehemiah looks back and tells of God’s dealings with the king in Babylon.  God was with him in a pagan and hostile environment.  God’s hand was upon him (see v 8)  Nehemiah stood alone among the Babylonians and yet the mighty hand of God was upon him.  God’s hand here means God’s favour -God’s blessing.  We lay hands on people to bless them, to anoint them.

‘You have a mighty arm; strong is your hand, high your right hand’ (Psalm 89 v 13).  Ezra says in 7 v 28 ‘The hand of the Lord was on me, I took courage and gathered leaders from Israel to go up with me.’

You see its not the ruined walls we need to look at, or the lack of resources, it’s the mighty hand of God.

Is his hand up on us? Is his hand upon our preachers and our elders?Nehemiah says – ‘look at how God’s hand was upon me.’  Isn’t that what the Bible does so often?  Isn’t that what the Psalms do?  They force us to remember God’s dealings in the past.  Singing is not just to stir up emotions or make us feel better – singing is meant to drive us back to God’s mighty deeds in the past.  Psalms 104-107 recounts God’s redemptive acts.  That is why singing must be full of God’s dealings with God’s people in the past.

Remembering God's Favour

Nehemiah shows the people that God’s hand had been upon him and that the King had shown him favour.  God had not just blessed his servant but provided, via the king, all that the people needed.  God provides what we need when we need it.  Nehemiah was God’s man at God’s time.  He casts the vision, he reminded them of God’s hand and favour and said follow me!

Without stretching things too far, don’t we see so much of Christ in Nehemiah?  He intercedes for his people, he takes their sins on himself, he pleads for them, and he points them away from sin to God alone.  Nehemiah was saying that this was a spiritual work.  It was not cleverness or energy or inspiration, it was reminding the people of what they had forgotten, Jerusalem was God’s city and only God could rebuild it.

Nehemiah gave them a God-centred vision of renewal and rebuilding.

4 Rebuilding

Nehemiah’s brutally realistic vision leads to the people being energised to work.  ‘Let us rise up and build.’  The best mission statement in history.

Decades of fear, defeat and decline are reversed by a God given vision infusing the people.  We see the critical importance of spiritual leadership in the church.  ‘So, they strengthened their hands for the good work.’
Good leadership strengthens drooping hands.  It galvanises people for the task ahead.

Hebrews 12 v 12 ‘Wherefore lift up the hands which hang down, and the feeble knees; and make straight paths for your feet, lest that which is lame be turned out of the way; but let it rather be healed.’

When people sit under godly leaders and godly preaching they are motivated to see a bigger vision and they are encouraged and motivated.

We see this in three ways:

Coordination - to each his own.  ‘And next to them.’ Neh 3 v 3, 4 and 5.

See how Nehemiah coordinated everything.  Everyone knew where he belonged, there was clarity of purpose – expectations were clear.  ‘Over against his house’ 3 v 21-23 and 28-30.  No need for commuting – able to build and protect his family.  Nehemiah’s vision for the kingdom, for the church is always interwoven with the family.

Cooperation - pulling together.  Nehemiah inspired all sorts of different people to work together.

· Priests and Levites

· Rulers and common people

· Gatekeepers and guards

· Farmers

· Union Men – goldsmiths, pharmacists, merchants

· Temple servants and women

People ‘had a mind to work’ 4 v 6.  They didn’t do as little as possible – they gave of their best.  Isn’t this how the church should be?  Every class, every nation, every age – all working together for a common purpose?  As Thomas Guthrie said: 

'If the world is ever conquered for our Lord, it is not by ministers, nor by office-bearers, nor by the great, and noble and mighty, but by every member of Christ's body being a working member; doing his work; filling his own sphere; holding his own post; and saying to Jesus, "Lord, what wilt Thou have me to do?"

Commendation - the vital dimension.  We all want to feel appreciated don’t we?  Nehemiah commended his workers.  He says they repaired another section (Neh 3 v 11, 19-21, 24-27, 30.  Notice that Nehemiah commends everyone.

· Hanun and the inhabitants of Zanoah repaired 1500 feet of wall v 13

· Malchijah repaired the Valley Gate v 14

Conclusion 

Nehemiah was a great leader.  Like all great leaders he was able to divide a complex task into something very simple and communicate it passionately.  The wall was divided into around 40 sections – Nehemiah delegated very effectively.

We all have a part to play in rebuilding the walls.  Whether its praying, making the coffee, offering hospitality, replenishing the pastors glass of water, leading the worship, supporting the tech – ‘Let us rise up and build.’

Do we have a mind to work?  The people under Nehemiah certainly did.
There is plenty to do.  As Guthrie says in 'The City its Sins and Sorrows':

'Let each select their own manageable field of Christian work. Let us thus embrace the whole city, and cover its nakedness, although, with different denominations at work, it should be robed, like Joseph in a coat of many colours.'

Tuesday, 29 July 2025

Worship: the Heart of Religion - Who Should Lead in Worship?

In our last blog post we looked at how the word of God always has the priority in reformed worship.  The modern church has replaced the word with music and entertainment.  The worship band rather than the word of God is central to most of our churches.  Nashville rather than the Scriptures are our inspiration for how God is to be worshiped.  If it sounds good and makes us feel good, we sing it.  That was not the position of those who composed the Westminster Confession and the subordinate standards.  The question in the modern Free Church is, 'do we still adhere to these standards or do we know better?'

In our last post we turned to a book published in 1993 'Crown Him Lord of All - Essays on the Life and Witness of the Free Church of Scotland.'  We took a lot from the chapter by Rev Hector Cameron 'Worship: the Heart of Religion.'  Rev Cameron reminds us in that the Westminster Divines believed that no worship is acceptable unless it is prescribed by Holy Scripture.  As reformed Christians we gently but firmly believe in Biblical principle not pragmatism.  The issue in worship is not what is acceptable but what is Biblical.  

In his essay, Rev Cameron reminds us that the Westminster Divines believed there were 6 parts or divisions belonging to public worship:
  • Prayer
  • The reading of the Word
  • Sound preaching
  • Conscionable listening to the Word
  • The singing of Psalms
  • The administration of the sacraments
Rev Cameron goes on to explain these parts of worship outlining the reformed, and until recently, the Free Church position.  A very live issue in many reformed circles at the moment is who should participate in worship.  This is where the subordinate standards are so helpful and instructive.  To the reformers and (most) Puritans, the worship of God was so important that only those appointed and approved were to be allowed to conduct public worship.  



Pulpit versus Audience Participation

While the congregation are to be involved, the Free Church have always maintained that an ordained and/or qualified and approved preacher should lead, read and preach.  We are not Cromwellian Independents.  We do not believe that every member should take to the pulpit to lead, pray, read or preach.  The person leading must be qualified and recognised as suitable.  It is not the role of the service to display the priesthood of all believers.  This is a spiritual status to be taught and lived out in our corporate church life but Presbyterians have traditionally believed that only those who are approved and appointed should lead in public worship.    

Most commonly this has been manifested in recent years in the public reading of scripture which has been opened out to ordinary members both male and female.  There was some debate at the Westminster Assembly as to who could publicly read the Scriptures and preach with the Scots Commissioners wanting the office of 'reader' to be retained from the Reformation as well as 'pastors and teachers'.  The Directory allows for a divinity student to be involved to test his gift for the ministry.  The Scottish church have generally  interpreted 'teacher' to include lay preachers, missionaries and elders who need to be 'apt to teach' as part of their qualification.  Presbyteries have, in the past, created lists of men (normally elders) who are qualified and able to preach so there is a recognition of their gifts.

The Bible seems clear about women leading in public worship in 1 Timothy 2.  But those who promote the view of woman leading in worship quote verses such as Acts 18 v 26, Colossians 3 v 16 and refer to women being involved in worship in the Corinthian church.  I would argue that Acts and Colossians are simply talking about private discussion at most in the context of a fellowship. If my wife, over dinner, suggested to the preacher (a modern day Apollos) that he might want to consult the reformers or puritans to enrich or correct his theology, I don't see how this is a justification for her publicly reading the scriptures which is a public ordinance.  It clearly says that Priscilla and Aquilla 'took him aside' after he preached.  

So what about Corinth?  Surely that is a justification for women at the very least reading the Scriptures?  The situation in Corinth was chaotic and is not to be taken as a model for church.  As Cameron points out in his chapter (emphasis is my own):  'The Corinthian Church, instead of being seen as representing an early stage in the establishment of Christianity, and as a Church besides where many of the cannons of apostolic teaching and practice were being transgressed, is taken to represent the model Church service scene, normative for today.'  

The Corinthian church was the embryo of the church where the charismatic gifts were still being used and people were involved that God had not ordained to be used at all times and in all situations.  Hector Cameron quotes Dr James Bannerman and again the emphasis is mine:  '[These] formed no part of the ordinary equipment of the Church of Christ or the ordinary staff of office-bearers by which the affairs were to be administered.  Their use and function ceased when the church of Christ through their instrumentality had been finally settled and fully organised and when it had attained to the condition of its ordinary and permanent development.' (The Church of Christ, vol 1, pp 215-16).  

Aside from minor differences in the past over reader, pastor and teacher, the position of the reformed church in Scotland for the last 450 years has been that an ordained and qualified man leads the worship, publicly reads the scriptures, prays and preaches.  The minster leads for the edification of the congregation.  As Cameron says:  'This accords with the Reformation dictum that the ministry is for the sake of the Church, and not the other way round (Philippians 2 v 17).  In any event wider leadership arrangements are seen neither to be needed nor valid for the normal service of worship.  Among exceptional situations would be the Communion service where ruling elders assist the minister in distributing the bread and wine.'

The 8 short essays in Crown Him Lord of All  is a reminder of a very different Free Church, one that still valued its distinctives and was not embarrassed to be different.  We have a glorious heritage that we are in danger of squandering as we grasp at the trinkets and gimmicks of modern evangelicalism.  We mustn't be frightened of suffering for principles that our forefathers fought and suffered for. They may not be popular today but if they are Biblical, they will stand the test of time.  We forget that there have been many periods in history where reformed worship and practice have not been popular.  We need to hold our nerve and trust the Lord and his unfailing word.  

In his Moderators Address in 1920 entitled ‘The Outlook in Regard to the Maintenance of the Reformed Faith’ Rev John Macleod said; 

‘Holding to the historic faith and worship of Scotland’s Reformed Church, she is content in a day of reproach to share the reproach of a despised Evangel, and look for her vindication not only to the day when the Church’s reproach will be forever removed; she also cherishes the hope that with a glorious revival of true godliness the people of the land of covenants and martyr’s will yet retrace the steps of which they strayed from the good way and that will be a vindication of her contendings.’  

For further reading on who should read the scriptures publicly you might find these articles helpful.  They are all American but I couldn't find anything that covered it from a Scottish or UK perspective.  



Monday, 28 July 2025

Worship: the Heart of Religion - The Priority of the Word

"The first want of our day is a return to the old, simple and sharply-cut doctrines of our fathers" 
JC Ryle

I'm currently re-reading Crown Him Lord of All - Essays on the Life and Witness of the Free Church of Scotland.  It was published in 1993, 150 years after the Free Church Disruption.  I was 21 and in the middle of a university degree in Aberdeen.  I remember my father working on the production of the book as he settled into a new ministry in Edinburgh.  The storm clouds were gathering on what would eventually lead to a split within the Free Church in 2000 but in the early 1990's, the Free Church felt like it knew what it believed.  We didn't have the Healthy Gospel Church matrix but the gospel was preached and the ministers I knew were godly and faithful men.  They were men of conviction.  We may not have had the right DNA or culture, but we gathered at the Glasgow Psalmody Recital every year to sing the songs that Christians had sung without interruption for 2000 years.  

One of the many excellent essays in the book is Worship: the Heart of Religion by Rev Hector Cameron.  Those of us who had the privilege of knowing Rev Cameron remember him with great fondness.  He preached a big God and a beautiful Saviour.  He held his principles gently and was a greatly loved preacher and pastor.  As with so many of his generation, he held his convictions with compassion.  Cameron reminds us in his brilliant chapter that the Westminster Divines believed that no worship is acceptable unless it is prescribed by holy Scripture.  As reformed Christians we gently but firmly believe in Biblical principle not pragmatism.  The issue in worship is not what is acceptable but what is Biblical.  

In his essay, Rev Cameron reminds us that the Westminster Divines believed there were 6 parts or divisions belonging to public worship:
  • Prayer
  • The reading of the Word
  • Sound preaching
  • Conscionable listening to the Word
  • The singing of Psalms
  • The administration of the sacraments
Rev Cameron goes on to explain these parts of worship outlining the reformed, and until recently, the Free Church position.  

The Priority of the Word
As reformed Christians, we believe that the word of God should be central to our service of worship.  It is not man that is central in reformed worship but God and his word.  We do not believe in idols, vestments, gimmicks, smoke machines, puppet shows or clowns.  We believe that 'faith cometh by hearing and hearing by the word of God.'  The pulpit, not the praise band should be central in reformed churches.  The Bible not the drumkit give our service their power and focus.  That is why we, traditionally, have given such a central place to the public reading of the word of God. 
  As Cameron says:

'To give the Word such a status has practical implications for the style of religious service to be expected from churches which concur.  Presbyterians tend to be viewed as dour and their services dull.  There may well be Presbyterians who approximate to that description.  Usually, however, the criticism has been prompted by the plainness of the church buildings, the subdued complexion of the services, the strictly basic character of the ritual, the conspicuous lack of activity up the front (apart from the preacher) or the less than picturesque attire of the church officials.'

As Cameron emphasises, reformed worship is simple, spiritual, God centered and Biblically rich.  That is why we sing the Psalms, God's ordained hymn book of praise.  New Testament worship is the worship of the Synagogue not the Temple.  The early church could have easily adopted the Greek culture with its music style but it did not. Our worship is prescribed not by Hillsong and Bethel but by the Holy Spirit in the written word.  


We are living in confusing and bewildering times.  Many who love the Free Church feel lost and grieved at the changes and the innovations.  Let me leave you with Hector Cameron's words:

'The temptation is always there to seek to short-circuit this foundation principle of worship and to seek pragmatic solutions to questions concerning worship which are strictly theological; or to shelter unthinkingly behind the views held about worship (on one side or the other) by some good man of former days.  It is a better option to wrestle with the basic principles involved - every question being brought to the bar of Holy Scripture - and to apply the conclusions faithfully.'

Wednesday, 7 May 2025

The Silent Dog

'It was to him no confinement to keep to the 'old path', and, so far as he was concerned, he was quite disposed to allow the novelty hunters to walk in their new paths alone.' 
Dr John Kennedy at Rev James Begg's funeral.

When my late father, the Rev John J Murray, published his little booklet 'The Dog that Does not Bark' (republished in its entirety below) in 2017, he did not miss the mark. The booklet is based on the verse from Isaiah 56 v 10 'His watchmen are blind: they are all ignorant, they are all dumb dogs, they cannot bark: sleeping, lying down, loving to slumber.' If ever there was a verse that sums up the Scottish church today surely it is this verse. The guard dog of orthodoxy in Scotland is not so much whimpering as on life support.

In ten short pages, my father diagnosed the problem of what happens when pragmatism seeps into the church and he called for a radical return to the truths and principles that had made the church in Scotland great - faithfulness to Scripture and preachers who were on fire for God.  It was a plea for godly leadership, a return to reformation principles and robust confessionalism.  As he analysed so well, the train of modernism has left the station and is gathering pace in the Scottish church.  

Re-reading his booklet 8 years on and looking around at the church in Scotland we can't help feeling that my fathers analysis was prophetic.  The pragmatism and seeker sensitive philosophy that so infected the Church of Scotland has become pervasive and corrosive across so many churches.  The inspiration of scripture is challenged, fundamental doctrines are openly questioned and cleverness has replaced godliness as our greatest asset. Image, tone and 'DNA' have become the guiding principles for change.  Worship has become a pale version of an acoustic Coldplay concert.  Preaching has more in common with a TED talk than a man on fire for God.  The broken spirit and the contrite heart are absent. The themes of sin, hell and judgement are as uncommon as the Scottish Psalter.  

The booklet is reproduced below in the hope that it will stir up a new generation to fight for the faith once delivered to the saints and not to squander the heritage handed down to us by our forefathers. 

Dr John Kennedy of Dingwall.

The Dog That Does Not Bark

Some of the most life-changing events in the history of the church have come about due to a stand being taken by a man at a critical juncture. In this year, 2017, we are commemorating the 500th anniversary of Martin Luther nailing his Ninety-Five Theses to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg on 31st October 1517, an event which lit the fires of the Protestant Reformation. Later the Reformer was summoned to the Diet at Worms where, on 18th April 1521, he declared: ‘My conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and will not retract anything, since it is neither safe nor right to go against my conscience. I cannot do otherwise, here I stand, may God help me. Amen.’ The Edict of Worms, dated 8th May 1521, declared Luther an ‘outlaw’ together with his adherents. That is the kind of difference that one man can make!

Leadership in the Past

There are other examples in history of God using men to break the slumber of the church. We had Athanasius (c296-373) standing against the Arian heresy and almost single-handedly preserving the integrity of the Christian faith. We recall the heroic stand of Jan Hus (1373-1415) fighting against such great odds, and at the base of the fine statue of him in Prague today, we read ‘Great is the truth, and it prevails’. There is John Calvin (1509-1564) contending against the Libertines in Geneva and achieving for the church freedom from the state in ecclesiastical disciplinary matters, ‘the creator of the Protestant Church’ (B B Warfield). William Tyndale (1494-1536) was hounded to his death ‘simply because he wanted to reform the Church, to restore the gospel, and especially to give the people of England the Bible’. John Knox (1514–1572) was raised up to blow His Master’s trumpet and to rid the Church in Scotland of Roman superstition and idolatry.

George Whitefield (1714-1770), ‘the Revived Puritan’, burst in upon a dead church and a decadent London and saved England from a disaster akin to the French Revolution. C H Spurgeon (1834-1892) stood firm against the rising tide of unbelief, in an age of decline, and suffered scorn and ridicule against his person. J Gresham Machen (1881-1937), challenging the growing infidelity of Princeton Seminary and the Presbyterian Church in America, was suspended from the ministry and forbidden to defend himself. Dr D M Lloyd-Jones (1899-1981) called the decadent Church of the mid-20th century back to a God-centred outlook. Time would fail us to tell of others. They were men of one mind – seeking to advance the glory of God and to maintain His truth. They dared to stand alone. They nailed their colours to the mast. They were men on fire and so they were instrumental in lighting others. ‘Your zeal hath provoked very many’ (2Cor 9.2).

In Scripture we find similar examples of bold faith. We see Elijah the Tishbite, coming from relative obscurity, heralding the Word of the God, ‘before whom I stand’, to confront Ahab and the nation that was steeped in idolatry. Baal worship must be cast out. The prophet ‘repaired the altar of the Lord that was broken down’, and the fire of the Lord fell that day and the four hundred and fifty prophets of Baal were killed (I Kings 17-18). Time and again in the history of Israel, God raised up a prophet to arouse the people and call them back to obedience. Even after his people had been chastened by their years of captivity in Babylon and had returned to Jerusalem, God raises up Haggai and Zechariah to call them to ‘Consider your ways’ (Haggai 1.5) and the people ‘obeyed the voice of the Lord their God’.

In the Book of Revelation, chapters 2 and 3, Christ comes, through a revelation to his servant John, to trumpet his displeasure with the evils tolerated in some of the Seven Churches of Asia and to call members of the congregations to repentance.

The Urgent Need Today

It is generally acknowledged that Western civilisation will collapse without a Christian revival. We are in the midst of a rapid spiritual and moral decline. The change that has come about in the last quarter of a century is staggering. We have seen the dismantling of the Judaeo-Christian heritage that underpins our society in Britain and the West. Our liberal elite are ready to give toleration to Muslims, Hindus and other false religions. We have gone beyond mere toleration. Islam is protected against criticism, while Christianity is exposed with impunity to insult and ridicule. The BBC editorial policy bans criticism of the Koran, but not the Bible. We find local authorities removing Christian symbols from buildings or suggesting that schools should not celebrate Christian festivals, lest this give offence to members of other religions. Gideon Bibles have been removed from students’ rooms in Universities, for it is considered wrong to favour one faith above others. Our inherited Christian culture is being pushed to the side-lines. If there is not a change we face a holocaust. What do we do in a post-Christian secularized culture?

There is no doubt that Western civilisation needs to rise up against the forces that oppose it. The question is: Where is the body with the moral fibre to undertake that fight? It should be the role of the Christian church, which is rightly designated as the ‘church militant’. Without the leadership of the church the nation cannot recover from its present descent into cultural degeneration and the neo-paganism that is its inevitable accompaniment. But is the church in the West in any condition to engage in such a warfare? She is in a weakened state. It has been said: ‘The supreme duty of the Church is to see that she offends not her God and her Saviour’. It is obvious that as a church and as a nation we have offended God. He has turned His countenance away from us. What the church needs to recover above everything else is the divine favour.

How did the people of God gain the victory in former times? In Psalm 44 we are reminded that ‘They got not the land in possession by their own sword, neither did their own arm save them: but thy right hand and thine arm, and the light of thy countenance, because thou hadst a favour unto them.’ (v3). The Psalmist goes on to describe their present state; ‘But thou hast cast us off and put us to shame; and goest not forth with our armies.’ (v9). In such circumstances as the visitation of chastisements and the hiding of God’s face, the way back must be by humbling ourselves, by confessing our sins and by repentance. The trouble is that we are presently in a kind of deadlock.

It is in this situation that the church desperately needs leadership. It is sadly true that the church, in a state of backsliding and under judgment, is often fast asleep. We need those like the ‘men of Issachar who had understanding of the times to know what Israel ought to do’ (I Chron 12.32). We need men to stand up and be counted. The church needs to hear the voice of God and be aroused from its present slumber. Who is going to be such a voice to the church?

Fifty Years of Misguided Leadership 1967-2017

As we look back over the last fifty years of evangelicalism in the United Kingdom we are confronted with signs of misguided leadership that has contributed to the situation we are in today. We can look at examples in England and Scotland.

England

The Church of England

In April 1967 the first National Evangelical Anglican Congress met on the campus of Keele University, under the chairmanship of the Rev Dr John Stott. It marked a change in the attitude of evangelicals to the ecumenical movement. There was to be no more confrontation with non-evangelicals. The Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr Michael Ramsey who had said that he expected to meet atheists in heaven, was invited to open the Keele Congress. John Stott hailed the Congress as ‘the coming of age of the current generation of evangelicals’. How mistaken in the light of subsequent developments!

One Anglican writer has said: ‘The Keele Conference turned out to be a two-headed monster. The intention of the founding fathers of Keele – that is, Jim Packer, Alec Motyer and others – was to campaign for the Church of England to return to its evangelical roots. But they handed the baton to younger evangelicals, and their aim was much less ambitious: to make sure that Evangelicalism was an accepted stream within the Church of England. Keele was wonderful: there were 1,000 people there, which in 1967 was a lot… But there were warning signs then that all was not well. There was an element of churcheyness beginning to creep in.’ (Rev Jonathan Fletcher, in an interview with Tim Thornborough, March 2008).

Non-conformist churches

Later that year, however, Dr Lloyd-Jones persuaded the congregation at Westminster Chapel to join the Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches (FIEC), first formed in 1922. Joining the FIEC automatically brought Westminster Chapel into membership of the British Evangelical Council (BEC), formed in 1953. The involvement of the Doctor and the congregation of Westminster Chapel raised the profile of the BEC. In October 1967 its annual conference, which had 40 in attendance in 1966, boasted a congregation of two thousand seven hundred people, with Dr Lloyd-Jones as one of the main speakers. Such an alliance was useful for a time but it was not going to lead to a church, Reformed in doctrine, worship and practice. The BEC certainly lost momentum, with less participation from the Doctor himself. Post 2000 a younger generation sought to bring the BEC ‘into the 21st century’ and re-named it with the title ‘Affinity’.

The Reformed Movement

One of the most encouraging developments in the 1960s was the spiritual hunger for the great Reformed truths that had been covered over for so long by ‘soul-destroying’ liberalism and a defective evangelicalism. At the forefront of satisfying this hunger were the publications of the Banner of Truth Trust. Many ministers were brought to a new understanding of the faith and this had an effect on congregations. In 1962 there was a move to have a conference for these ministers. The venue was the campus of Leicester University in July of that year. Three veterans of the faith who had welcomed and supported the new work of the Banner of Truth Trust, Rev Professor John Murray, Rev Kenneth A MacRae and Rev W J Grier, were the main speakers. All three were of a Reformed and confessional conviction.

Following the memorable 1962 Conference, discussion took place on a way forward for the churches. |To help the discussion on the nature of the church, various volumes were prepared: Historical Theology by William Cunningham, The Church of Christ by James Bannerman, as well as a composite volume, edited by Iain Murray, on The Reformation of the Church. These matters were at the forefront of further conferences held at Leicester in 1964 and 1965. The expectation was that there could be a move towards the goal of the 17th century Puritan ideal which was, as defined by Dr Packer, ‘to serve God in a Reformed church that would be instrumental in reforming the nation’, or , as the wording of the Solemn League and Covenant put it: ‘the reformation of religion in the kingdoms of England and Ireland, in doctrine, worship, discipline and government, according to the Word of God and the example of the best Reformed churches.’

As it turned out no agreement could be reached as to the way forward. There were differences as to whether we should go forward on a minimal doctrinal statement or on a full-orbed confession, whether congregations should be independent or joined with others after the presbyterian fashion. Whatever may be said about the involvement of Dr J I Packer in Anglican politics, he had a high view of confessionalism and his parting of the ways with Dr Lloyd-Jones in 1970 meant a loss to England in that respect. The movement that had begun to recover the soteriology of the Reformed Faith was to stop short in the restoration of the ecclesiology. The expectation of having a new Reformed church order was frustrated. After a pause for another year, the Conference was resumed in 1967 with the emphasis on holiness of life and revival. It was a watershed in the Reformed recovery. Thankfully part of that vision was later recovered for England in the formation of the Presbyterian Church in England and Wales.

Scotland

The Church of Scotland

The resurgence of conservative evangelicalism within the Church of Scotland in the 1950s and 1960s led to the formation of the Crieff Fraternal in 1970. The Rev William Still (1911-1997) had exercised an influence on younger men, including the brothers James and George Philip and Eric Alexander. They formed a brotherhood which met three times a year at Crieff (Perthshire) for mutual fellowship and encouragement. It was reckoned that up to a sixth of the ministers in the Church of Scotland were involved in this at one time. The number of evangelical students coming forward to train for the ministry increased considerably, but their training was at the liberal Faculties of Divinity in the universities. However, what happened in the last quarter of the 20th century is one of the saddest episodes in the history of the Church in Scotland. The policy adopted by the evangelicals was similar to what happened in the Church of England. As long as they were allowed to continue working in their own congregations within the denomination they thought they would change things gradually church-wide by quiet infiltration. The whole concept was exposed by Dr Carl Trueman in an article posted on the internet (4/8/2006):

‘Church of Scotland evangelicals standing in the trajectory of Willie Still have done great service in maintaining faithful preaching within the Church, and in the Crieff Conference and the various gathering associated with Rutherford House, they have supervised the development of a great network of individuals and gatherings; but the tactic of going down this conference/congregational/informal connection path while allowing the church courts, committees and administration to be controlled virtually unchallenged, by liberals and neo-orthodox – on the grounds that it was a useful trade-off, if evangelicals could preach the truth unhindered within their own congregations – has proved utterly disastrous as a long-term strategy … The public silence of the older generation at critical moments in presbyteries and ministerial selection committees (there’s many a sad anecdote I could tell there) has proved far more damaging in undermining evangelicalism in the Church of Scotland than wonderful ventures like the Crieff Conference and Rutherford House have proved effective in building it up.

‘How many times, and in how many contexts, I wonder, did many a young minister hear the older generation of evangelicals telling him that “This is not the issue to fight on”, whether it be women’s ordination, doctrinal discipline or on the occasional frying of a young candidate at a presbytery interview on such an issue as opposition to homosexuality? As the ecclesiological and ecclesiastical silence of the older generation of Church of Scotland evangelicals (wonderful men though they were and are) sold the wide ecclesiastical pass with barely a whimper in the 70s and 80s, so I feel for former colleagues and students who now pay the price for the fact that the evangelical revival in the Church of Scotland concentrated on producing only congregational commanders and did not bring forth a single ecclesiastical leader of any stature or authority.’

It would have been good if the older generation of evangelicals in the Church of Scotland had heeded the words of Horatius Bonar in addressing the General Assembly of the Free Church of Scotland in 1883: ‘Fellowship between faith and unbelief must sooner or later, be fatal to the former.’ As sure as Bonar’s words proved true in the last quarter of the 19th century, so they certainly came true in the last forty years in the Church of Scotland. The declension was painful to witness. The nadir for some was the sight of the Rev Dr Angus Morrison, reared in the strictest Presbyterian Church in Scotland, presiding over the General Assembly of 2015 and announcing the result of the vote that sealed the fate of many. The Assembly agreed by 309 votes to 182 to authorize congregations to depart from ‘the church’s historic and current position’ and call a minister in a same sex civil partnership. When Mr Morrison announced the tragic result of the vote he led the Assembly in reciting the Prayer of St Patrick: ‘Christ with me, Christ before me, Christ behind me etc.’

The Free Church of Scotland

The Free Church of Scotland had an indication of troubles ahead by some differences within her ranks in the 1950s. A booklet, The Resurgence of Arminianism, by the Rev Kenneth A MacRae caused a stir and aroused opposition from some of the hierarchy on the Mound. Because the name of Kenneth MacRae was linked with the early Banner movement it seems as if this was one factor in the Reformed recovery not taking on in the Free Church of Scotland, as it did in churches in other parts of the UK. Instead there emerged from the 1960s onwards a type of minister who was more concerned to bring change into the Church than to recover our Reformed confessional heritage. Some gifted young preachers appeared and they were looked upon as the ‘saviours’ of the Free Church. The Church gained quite a reputation at home and abroad. Things appeared to be successful and there was a surge forward in church extension and mission in the 1970s and 1980s. But while Camps and Youth Conferences flourished, there was a departure from catechetical instruction and family religion. Children’s addresses became popular and young ones were withdrawn from the regular worship service for having a Sabbath School. The consequent haemorrhage from among covenant youth was quite significant.

Looking back over the 1970s and 1980s we can detect the presence of a similar element of pride that caused the decline in the 19th century Free Church. We failed to heed warning signs. Perhaps there was too much looking to men. John Livingstone speaking of the failure of the Church in his day said: ‘Our ministers were our glory, and I fear our idol, and the Lord hath stained the pride of our glory.’ The staining of our pride was seen in the 1990s and instead of dealing with the problem in a God-glorifying manner things were left to fester. On the question of leadership it was a matter of amazement to see younger ministers on the floor of the General Assembly, at meetings and in the press attacking more senior men. Those who called for more loyalty to creeds, confessions and ordination vows were even regarded as troublemakers. The then Editor of the Monthly Record spoke of such men in terms of, ‘Cast out the bondwoman and her son,’ (Monthly Record, October 1999, p236). Great rejoicing took place in January 2000 because the Free Church of Scotland had got rid of her ‘troublemakers’. A question now, some 20 years on, is: Who were the real troublers of Israel? (I Kings 18.17).

The Kind of Leadership Required

As the Lord has used the right leadership in the past to bring change in the church, so surely our earnest prayer must be that He will raise up men who will take a stand in the year 2017. How good it would be if such occurred in this year of the Martin Luther commemoration!

1. It must be men who practice what they preach

We have men who are hailed as ‘stars’ and international conference speakers whose own church life has been very mixed and confused. One such admitted recently to a gathering of ministers that he did not have a doctrine of the church. It is one thing to preach and write about what is regarded as scriptural, it is another thing to be putting it into practice. The fact is that truth is not fully believed unless it leads to practice. So much of what is taught and written is within the context of para church organisations and that does not help on the level of recovering a church that will be Reformed, in doctrine, worship and discipline, which is the crying need of the hour. What is the point of all the preaching and lecturing if we are not dealing with the matters that count. In this year of commemoration let us remember what Luther once said: ‘Where the battle rages is where the loyalty of the soldier is proved, and to be steady on all the battlefield besides is merely flight and disgrace if he flinches at that point.’

2. It must be men who are not in compromising situations

For too long we have been listening to men who purport to be leaders of ‘Reformed thinking’ but who remain in compromising situations. They have chosen convenience over confrontation. The defence of the truth demands confrontation. Too many of the so called leaders of today are influenced in some measure by the spirit of the age. In the published version of his address to the General Assembly of the Free Church of Scotland in 1883, Horatius Bonar adds a note: ‘In what is called “public opinion” or the “spirit of the age” we have the utterance of unrenewed humanity. That utterance is not likely to be on the side of God; for it is written “the whole world lieth in wickedness”. Majorities have not often been trustworthy. The present is man’s day(I Cor 4.3); God’s day is coming; and when it comes it will undo many a human scheme, and disappoint many a fond hope, and reverse many a sanguine idea of modern enlightenment as to the self-regeneration of man and man’s earth,’ (Our Ministry, 1883, p18). If a man is in an alliance with deniers of the truth, what authority can he exercise? To the spiritually discerning he is as one of them. ‘In the day that thou stoodest on the other side … even thou wast as one of them,’ (Obad.v11). To quote Bonar again: ‘Truth is truth and error is error. There the case begins and ends. The blending of light and darkness can at the best only produce twilight, not noon … Truth never demands a vote. It refuses to go to the poll, or to acknowledge majorities,’ (Our Ministry, p97).

3. It must be men who are fully committed to the whole truth

It is the duty of the church and especially of her leaders to bear witness to the whole counsel of God. Many are satisfied to rest in a general evangelical creed for fear of being regarded as extreme. Scripture does not permit us to do that. The true faith is: ‘For of him, and through him, and to him, are all things; to whom be glory for ever. Amen,’ (Rom 11.36). The main purpose of creation and redemption is the glory of God. He will not give His glory to another. There is no place for a half-way position. A A Hodge put it clearly when he said: ‘The last issue must be between Atheism in its countless forms and Calvinism. The other systems will be crushed as the half-rotten ice between two great bergs,’ (Princetoniana by C A Salmond, Edinburgh, 1888, p100). A form of political correctness has come into the church. We have heard it said: How dare you criticize a brother knowing that he is one who has been purchased by the blood of Christ? Others have said: ‘This is not a hill to die on,’ or ‘Is it worth dividing over such an issue?’ One declared: ‘I think what you are doing is wrong, but it is not so significant that I think you are not within the same broad tent of Christian belief.’

4. It must be men who are willing to speak out

Carl Trueman asks, ‘What is the dog that doesn’t bark in your church?’ and goes on, ‘I am increasingly convinced that the measure of a theologian, or preacher, or church is to be found not so much in what is said as in what isn’t said,’ (Christianity, Liberalism and the New Evangelicalism, p27). In an article ‘The Importance of Not Being Nice’, Rev Neil Richards declared: ‘A desire to get away from a negative, confrontational image has sometimes led evangelicals to be comprehensive where they should be exclusive; irenic where they should be polemic, and diplomatic where they ought to be bold and unyielding. There are times when for the sake of the gospel and for the cause of truth Christians must be narrow and exclusive; fierce in their resistance to error and altogether earnest contenders for the faith once delivered to the saints,’ (Foundations, Journal of the BEC, 1989, p2).

It is interesting to speculate what the church would be like today if Luther had been prone to compromise. The pressure was heavy on him to tone down his teaching and soften his message. Sometimes division is fitting, even healthy, for the church. It is right for the true people of God to declare themselves. Publications with a cutting edge did much to stir up controversy in the 1950s and 1960s. Compromise is sometimes a worse evil than division. What an encouragement it would be to see men taking a stand. It is not often nowadays a man steps out of line. It was so recently with Rev Gavin Ashenden, a senior clergyman of the Church of England and Chaplain to Her Majesty the Queen who made a public stand against the reading of the Qur’an in St Mary’s Episcopal Cathedral in Glasgow on 7th January 2017. He resigned from his duties and left the Church of England. Douglas Murray, author and analyst, wrote on the Gatestone Institute website: ‘Very occasionally – even in contemporary Britain – some good news arrives. No single piece of news has been more invigorating than the discovery that a member of the Church of England has found a vertebra.’

5. It must be men who are on fire

Where is the righteous Christian indignation? Zeal is in truth that grace which God seems to delight to honour. Johannes Oecolampadius (1482-1531), Swiss Reformer, said, ‘How much more would a few good and fervent men effect in the ministry than a multitude of lukewarm ones?’ John Knox rallied the Protestants to battle with a sermon on Psalm 80.4-8 preached at Stirling on 8th November 1559. ‘Under the burning words of the preacher each man became heroic.’ Of a similar sermon Randolph wrote to Cecil, ‘The voice of one man is able in one hour to put more life in us than five hundred trumpets continually blustering in our ears.’ As Samuel Chadwick said: ‘Men ablaze are invincible. The stronghold of Satan is proof against everything but fire.’

The Call to Battle

C H Spurgeon declared: ‘We want again Luthers, Calvins, Bunyans, Whitefields, men fit to mark eras, whose names breathe terror in our foeman’s ears. We have dire need of such. When will they come to us? They are the gifts of Jesus Christ to the Church, and will come in due time,’ (The Early Years, 1962, 1,v).

In the aftermath of the Holocaust, courageous leader Basilea Schlink rebuked the silence of Christians after Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass (9 Nov 1938) when the Nazis set the synagogues on fire and vandalized Jewish places of business, also killing and beating some Jewish victims as well. ‘We are personally to blame. We all have to admit that if we, the entire Christian community, had stood up as one man on the streets and voiced our disapproval, rung the church bells, and somewhat boycotted the actions of the SS, the Devil’s vassals would probably not have been at such liberty to pursue their evil schemes. But we lacked that ardour of love,’ (Israel My Chosen People: A German Confession before God and the Jews).

What we are called to do is summed up by Abraham Kuyper: ‘When principles that run against your deepest convictions begin to win the day, then battle is your calling, and peace has become sin; you must, at the price of dearest peace, lay your convictions bare before friend and enemy, with all the fire of your faith.’ There is so much discouragement in the evangelical church today. Bold leadership can give heart to a discouraged people. It may lead to a time of suffering but a storm is sometimes better than a dead calm. More men discovering a vertebra could be good news indeed in our troubled times.

‘His watchmen are blind: they are all ignorant, they are all dumb dogs, they cannot bark: sleeping, lying down, loving to slumber.’ (Isaiah 56.10)



‘See, I have this day set thee over the nations, and over the kingdoms, to root out and to pull down, and to destroy, and to throw down, to build, and to plant.’ (Jeremiah 1.11)



‘In the day that thou stoodest on the other side, in the day that strangers carried away captive his forces, and foreigners entered into his gates, and cast lots upon Jerusalem, even thou wast as one of them.’ (Obadiah 11)



‘For if the trumpet give an uncertain sound, who shall prepare himself to the battle?’ (I Corinthians 14.8)



‘And they overcame him by the blood of the Lamb, and by the word of their testimony; and they loved not their lives unto the death.’ (Revelation 12.11)

Friday, 7 March 2025

The New Calvinists

"The first want of our day is a return to the old, simple and sharply-cut doctrines of our fathers" JC Ryle

Over the last 20 years there has been a shift in confessional reformed churches.  It is sometimes hard to put our finger on the issue.  The tone and tenor of churches have changed.  Fixed points, theological moorings, agreed points of theology all seem up for grabs.  Often it is subtle, but the message is clear: our forefathers were simple men but we are sophisticated and clever.  Culture, DNA and pragmatism have become king.  Adherence to historical confessional standards have become looser and more relaxed.  Ordination vows have become muddled.  Ministers and office bearers seem confused about what they have actually subscribed to.  The role of pastor has become a master of ceremonies rather than one ordained to lead worship and preach.  Worship must be bright and breezy and we must embrace the modern Christian music industrial complex.  The order, reverence, simplicity, structure and spirituality of reformed worship has been replaced with the latest worship music and practices.  We sing heresy long before we believe heresy and the signs are not encouraging.  


How are we to understand these changes?  Why has the 'cultural context' become so important?  At least part of the answer is the rise of a new kind of Calvinism.  As one theologian has said: 'With the New Calvinism, the dynamics change and Calvin becomes but a dim shadow.  Instead, there is a curious mixture of the Five Points, 16th century Anabaptism, 18th century revivalism, 20th century Pentecostalism, sophisticated  marketing, the latest technology, and high-decibel music.'  New Calvinism offers us a smorgasbord of worship and practice.  Contradictory positions, radically different worship strains and the profound and the superficial exist side by side.

Biblical truth, rediscovered in historical Calvinism, humbles man and exalts God.  It takes God's word seriously.  It covers the whole of life.  It is not loose and pragmatic but careful and systematic.  Abraham Kuyper said: 'The special trait of Calvinism is that it placed the believer before the face of God, not only in the Church, but also in his personal, family, social and political life.  The majesty of God, and the authority of God press upon the Calvinist in the whole of his human existence.'  I have republished some of my late fathers convictions on what we mean by Calvinism and what it means to be reformed.  So how are we to understand this New Calvinism?  

Below is an article by Rev Jeremy Walker who has written a more extensive book The New Calvinism Considered which we would highly recommend.  This article was written 10 years ago but it is very helpful for us to understand the context we find ourselves in today.  You can read more articles from Rev Walker on his blog.

If you are in evangelical and Reformed circles in the UK, it is almost certain that you, or someone you know, has been influenced by what has become known as the new Calvinism. The name is loosely applied to a group of individuals (think John Piper, Don Carson, the late Tim Keller, Mark Driscoll, Mark Dever, Al Mohler, Kevin DeYoung, Wayne Grudem) and networks, and networks of networks (think Together for the Gospel, The Gospel Coalition, Acts 29), who generally avow a more or less Calvinistic soteriology. However, their embrace of a more full-orbed Reformed principle, practice and polity is extremely varied. Although its fullest expressions remain largely American, it leaves a strong impress elsewhere. In the UK, its commitments and influences are more or less evident in such places and institutions as the Porterbrook Network, the Proclamation Trust, WEST, the FIEC, Affinity, Acts 29 Europe, and New Frontiers. The movement as a whole is evolving and nebulous, its boundary porous. Criticisms issued about definitions of the new Calvinism rarely take account of the fact that – almost by definition – it resists definition. It is more of a permeating flavour than a definite bloc.

Many assessments of the new Calvinism err in missing or dismissing the fact that the new Calvinism is a spectrum. The assessor either visits a certain conference or hears a certain preacher and declares the whole movement fundamentally sound and heading in a good direction, or hears some of the worst horror stories and imputes what is stated or implied to others without distinction. Each of us tends to be coloured by that to which we have been exposed. We must not presume that any one individual is a spokesman for all, however convenient that might be.

Taking into account the inherent difficulties of definition and assessment, any consideration should take account of two competing forces: the desire to exalt God and the tendency to exalt man. If we are honest, these are pressures with which every Christian and every church contends, and which each of us should assess in ourselves. However, in the case of the new Calvinism, these tensions are woven into the very being of the movement – they belong to its nature and cannot be separated from it.

At its best, the new Calvinism sets out to be and often succeeds in being a God-centred movement. It strikes many of the notes of historic and orthodox Christianity, though often with a distinctive flavour of our time and place. You might read books, or great sections of books, with which you almost entirely agree. You might hear a keynote sermon and offer your hearty and sincere, “Amen!” You might read blog posts and be ready to sigh in happy agreement. There will be much that deliberately sets out to exalt Christ and honour God; a determination to make much of God’s grace in Christ Jesus; a desire to make Christ known in all the earth; a general commitment to the preaching of the Word of God; a robust defence of manhood and womanhood as creatures made in God’s image but with their own distinctive roles in home, church and society; and, an eager and inventive embrace of new tools to propagate the gospel.

At its worst, the new Calvinism can seem or be thoroughly man-centred. Too many have adopted a carnal pragmatism and commercialism in seeking to advance the kingdom of God (often some man’s empire seems to be the more pressing concern). An unbalanced view of culture as a neutral vehicle readily available for transformation and easy triumphs permeates the movement. These two elements often bleed together into the life of the local church, including some profoundly unhealthy and even explicitly carnal expressions of worship, together with an unholy contextualization when it comes to the proclamation of the gospel. Intramural debates continue about the origins, nature, motives and standards of holiness in a believer. While a few voices call men back to the best expressions of orthodoxy, certain expressions of so-called (with capitals!) New Covenant Theology tend to dominate, together with the nascent antinomianism often bound up in such a theology. A careless ecumenism is evident, in which boundaries that need to be drawn fail to be drawn – men are lauded while mutual basking in reflected human glory beckons, but silence falls when the same men go off the rails theologically. There is a widespread acceptance of charismatic conviction and practice, the general attitude suggesting that such things are neither here nor there. And there is, in some, a distasteful triumphalism and aggressive brashness that exalts the new and the gaudy at the expense of the proven and the faithful. In various ways and at particular points the new Calvinism panders too much to the world, to the fallen culture, to the academy. There are indications of concern for human approval, reliance on worldly means and principles, embrace of worldly models, and subsequent departure from or woolliness on historic orthodox Christianity at various important points. These features make some manifestations of new Calvinism a matter of concern or even outright danger. Because of the nature of the associations that bind many new Calvinists together, there appears a willingness to overlook what ought to be addressed and an unwillingness to reject what ought to be plainly and publicly exposed.

Both strengths and weaknesses are often (though not always) so thoroughly embedded in the same people, churches, organisations and institutions as to make them almost impossible to divide from one another. In many instances, you must take the whole package. I find too much of man’s appetite and glory and wisdom in too many expressions of the new Calvinism for me to be comfortable with the movement as a whole. Too much falls in the gaps with regard to holiness, worship, ecclesiology and polity, too many connections that are not yet being made, or made only by a few brave souls. Every church must consider whether or not we fall into the same traps.

Not everyone who calls himself or is called a new Calvinist is everything that this movement might be, for better or for worse. To be sure, there will be some who are or will soon be asking, “What next?” – seeking a newer wave or the next fad. They pursue not substance but novelty, pandering to their own appetites. But many are or will soon be asking, with a humble sincerity, “What more?” In dealing with such true and earnest brothers in Christ, treat them as I hope you would wish to be treated. Pursue the reputation and the relationships that allow you to speak into such lives with gospel credibility.

To do this we need to be anchored to the truth of Scripture and the church of Christ. Without such anchor points, we have nowhere firm to stand and nothing to offer. An intelligent and wholehearted commitment to a more comprehensive, tried-and-tested expression of scriptural truth provides a buffer against the kind of shocks that drive men and churches off their feet. Adherence to an historic and full-orbed confession of faith is not a panacea, as history proves. Nevertheless, we need to set our feet upon a doctrinal rock where others have shown that a saint can safely stand when buffeted by the winds and waves of falsehood. The preparation for the downgrade of Spurgeon’s day was made by those men who resisted a more complete and binding declaration of the things clearly expressed in and surely believed from the Bible, and who settled instead for a sort of gentleman’s agreement on the sentiments usually denominated evangelical.

In addition, we need to operate within the scripturally-appointed bounds of the local, visible church. It is within the orbit of the local congregation under the care of spiritually qualified, identifiably competent and genuinely accountable men that the saints will best grow in the grace and knowledge of Jesus Christ. The surest foundation for present and future faithfulness and fruitfulness will be a robustly confessional ecclesiology and a well-grounded churchmanship not subject to the currents of the age or the whims of the demagogues.

I closed The New Calvinism Considered with this counsel, and I stand by it: “be Calvinists. Do not panic blindly. Do not capitulate foolishly. Do not strike wildly. Live before God and be determined to learn of Christ in dependence on the Holy Spirit. Love and serve the triune God above all, and be ready to love and serve his saints wherever you find them, and however your supreme attachment to the Lord of glory demands it.”

Tim Challies has also written a helpful article here.
Aaron Renn has also made a helpful contribution here.